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SS-31 (also known as Elamipretide or Bendavia) is a synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide with the sequence D-Arg-2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt)-Lys-Phe-NH2. This cell-permeable peptide belongs to the Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptide family, designed to selectively concentrate within the inner mitochondrial membrane through an interaction with cardiolipin, a phospholipid unique to mitochondrial membranes. SS-31 has been the subject of over 200 published peer-reviewed studies investigating its interactions with mitochondrial bioenergetics.
The alternating aromatic-cationic motif of SS-31 (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe) enables selective accumulation at the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it interacts with cardiolipin microdomains. Published in-vitro studies have characterized its effects on electron transport chain complex organization, cristae architecture, cytochrome c interactions, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in isolated mitochondrial preparations and cultured cell lines across multiple tissue types.
AXOM SS-31 is manufactured under strict cGMP-equivalent protocols and verified to ≥99% purity via reverse-phase HPLC. Each lot is accompanied by a Certificate of Analysis documenting identity, purity, peptide content, and endotoxin levels. Available in 50mg lyophilized format. For research and laboratory use only.
Selectively concentrates at the inner mitochondrial membrane via cardiolipin interaction, enabling targeted research into mitochondrial bioenergetics and electron transport chain function.
Alternating aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) with cell-permeable properties and characterized mitochondrial membrane localization in published studies.
≥99% HPLC-verified purity with full COA documentation. Every lot independently tested by third-party analytical laboratories.
Foundational study characterizing the Szeto-Schiller peptide family including SS-31. Demonstrated selective mitochondrial membrane accumulation using fluorescence microscopy in cultured cell lines and characterized the peptide's effects on mitochondrial membrane potential, swelling parameters, and cytochrome c release in isolated mitochondrial preparations.
Investigated the effects of SS-31 on mitochondrial function in permeabilized muscle fibers from aged versus young murine models. Characterized changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS emission rates, and respiratory control ratios using high-resolution respirometry and fluorescence-based assay systems under controlled laboratory conditions.
Detailed mechanistic study elucidating the molecular interaction between SS-31 and cardiolipin at the inner mitochondrial membrane. Used NMR spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and liposome-based binding assays to characterize the peptide-lipid interaction interface and its effects on cytochrome c electron transport efficiency.
| Product Name | SS-31 (Elamipretide / Bendavia) |
| Synonyms | SS-31, Elamipretide, Bendavia, MTP-131 |
| CAS Number | 736992-21-5 |
| Molecular Formula | C32H49N9O5 |
| Molecular Weight | 639.83 Da |
| Sequence | D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 |
| Sequence Length | 4 amino acids (tetrapeptide) |
| Target | Inner mitochondrial membrane (cardiolipin) |
| Peptide Family | Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides |
| Purity | ≥99% (Reverse-Phase HPLC) |
| Form | Lyophilized white powder |
| Available Sizes | 50mg |
| Solubility | Soluble in sterile water, bacteriostatic water |
| Endotoxin | <1 EU/μg (LAL method) |
| Certification | COA included with every order |
| Intended Use | For research and laboratory use only |
SS-31 is supplied as a lyophilized powder and should be reconstituted with sterile bacteriostatic water (BAC water) for research applications.
All orders ship within the continental United States via USPS or UPS. Peptides are shipped at ambient temperature — lyophilized peptides are stable during transit. Free shipping on orders over $250.
